Limits of marine predators’ vision
ACTIVE CAMOUFLAGE
In cephalopods such as cuttlefish and octopuses, colour and pattern changes can be very rapid. Skin texture can also be altered in some species.
This ability is used for camouflage but can also contribute to hunting, defence and communication.
Chromatophores
In cuttlefish and octopuses, muscles expand or relax small pigment sacs called chromatophores. The visible coloured area changes rapidly under nervous control.
In many fish, colour change instead involves pigment granules moving within cells. These two mechanisms should not be confused.
PASSIVE CAMOUFLAGE
Some naturally have colouring, patterns or a shape that make them difficult to distinguish from their surroundings. Their behaviour often complements this appearance: remaining still, positioning themselves against rock or burying themselves can greatly improve their camouflage.
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