What do fish see?

A fish often notices movement or something that stands out from the background. A still animal matching its surroundings may be harder to see. But a predator may also smell it or detect its movements in the water.
The limits of fish vision
Underwater, light changes what we can see. © dive.explo360.fr — All rights reserved. Reproduction prohibited without permission.

Changing appearance

Cuttlefish and octopuses can change their colours and patterns. An octopus can also change the texture of its skin. These changes help them blend into their surroundings.

They do not really become invisible: they become harder to spot!

Tiny cells in the skin

chromatophores
Colours and patterns that can change. © dive.explo360.fr — All rights reserved. Reproduction prohibited without permission.
Cuttlefish and octopuses have small pigment sacs in their skin. Muscles spread them out or let them contract, changing their appearance very quickly.

Five effects to discover

1

Dark colours

Dark pigments can make skin darker or paler.
2

Yellow and orange

Yellow pigments contribute to the colours of many fish.
3

Red

Red pigments contribute other shades.
4

White

Some cells scatter light and appear white.
5

Shiny reflections

Other cells reflect light and produce iridescence.

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