Three processes: healing, regrowing and shedding

A wound can close, a missing part can grow back, and some animals can shed a part of their own body. These processes are called wound healing, regeneration and autotomy.

Three processes to tell apart

1

Wound healing

The injury closes and the protective barrier forms again.
2

Regeneration

Living tissues rebuild a lost structure.
3

Autotomy

Part of the body separates through a specialised mechanism within the animal.

How does a body rebuild what it lost?

Regrowth begins with tissue that is still alive. Some cells divide and others change what they do. A new arm or organ can work only if the right tissues grow in the right places.

Picture the missing part. Look first at what stayed alive around the injury.
Two cutaway views of a sea cucumber: without an intestine, then with an intestinal tube forming.
This sea cucumber has lost part of its gut. It can rebuild it. After the sea cucumber expels its intestine, the mesentery and the parts of the digestive tract that remain help form a new intestine. © dive.explo360.fr — All rights reserved. Reproduction requires permission.

Rebuilding an intestine from surviving tissues

After a Caribbean sea cucumber expels its intestine, a membrane called the mesentery stays attached to the body wall. A new intestine starts forming along its thickened edge. The parts of the digestive tract that stayed in place help form the new lining.

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