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Pyrosome

Distribution : Mediterranean · Indian Ocean · Pacific Ocean

In spring 2017, Oregon fishing crews encountered an extraordinary proliferation of pyrosomes. Thousands of gelatinous colonies accumulated in fishing gear, disrupting some commercial and recreational operations. The event extended across much of the northeastern Pacific, from California to the Gulf of Alaska. NOAA reported the situation in June 2017. Subsequent research documented unusually high concentrations in waters where the species had previously been recorded only rarely.

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Habitat of Pyrosome Habitat
Open water
Depth range of Pyrosome Depth
1-900 m
Biological group of Pyrosome Group
Ecological role of Pyrosome Role
Filter feeder

Average size

15 cm

WHAT DOES IT LOOK LIKE?

A single opening at the end of the sleeve defines the shape of the pyrosome (Pyrosoma atlanticum). This hollow, translucent tube consists of zooids, small animals joined within a shared covering.

The wall is not entirely smooth: little projections called papillae give it a fuzzy appearance. Its variable colour may be milky, yellow, pink, blue or mauve.

WHERE DOES IT LIVE?

It is an open-water organism living far from the seabed. It moves through the water column and makes vertical movements, often rising towards the surface at night.

WHAT DOES IT EAT?

The pyrosome collects food through numerous tiny filters in the colony wall. Each zooid maintains a water current using cilia and retains particles on a mucus mesh. Food-laden mucus is then conveyed towards the digestive tract. Microalgae are important, and studies also demonstrate retention of other microorganisms. Filtered water enters the central cavity and exits through the shared opening. This flow collects food while also helping propel the colony, without the pumping contractions used by salps.

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Pyrosome

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